Hydrocodone Bitartrate Uses, Dosage, Side Effects

Hydrocodone Bitartrate

(hye-droe-koe′done)

Dihydrocodeinone Bitartrate, Hycomet, Mycodone, Tussigon, Vicodin (with acetaminophen)

Classifications: NARCOTIC (OPIATE AGONIST) ANALGESIC; ANTITUSSIVE

Therapeutic: NARCOTIC ANALGESIC; ANTITUSSIVE

Prototype: Morphine

Pregnancy Category: C

Controlled Substance: Schedule II

AVAILABILITY

Usually formulated with acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or homatropine. Tablet; capsule; oral solution

ACTION & THERAPEUTIC EFFECT

CNS depressant with moderate to severe relief of pain. Suppresses cough reflex by direct action on cough center in medulla. CNS depressant with moderate to severe relief of pain. Effective in cough suppression.

USES

Symptomatic relief of hyperactive or nonproductive cough and for relief of moderate to moderately severe pain. A common ingredient in a variety of proprietary mixtures.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Hypersensitivity to hydrocodone; acute or severe asthmatic bronchitis; COPD; upper airway obstruction.

CAUTIOUS USE

Respiratory depression, asthma, emphysema; history of drug abuse or dependence; postoperative patients; hepatic or renal disease; renal impairment or failure; older adults, debilitated patients; children weighing less than 50 kg; G6PD deficiency; GI disease; patients with preexisting increased intracranial pressure; pregnancy (category C), lactation; children younger than 2 y.

ROUTE & DOSAGE

Mild to Moderate Pain, Cough

Adult: PO 5–10 mg q4–6h prn (max: 15 mg/dose)

Child (2–12 y): PO 1.25–5 mg q4–6h (max: 10 mg/dose)

Hydrocodone Bitartrate Uses, Dosage, Side Effects

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ADMINISTRATION

Oral

• Give with food or milk to prevent GI irritation.
• Preserve in tight, light-resistant containers.

ADVERSE EFFECTS (≥1%)

GI: Dry mouth, constipation, nausea, vomiting. CNS: Light-headedness, sedation, dizziness, drowsiness, euphoria, dysphoria. Respiratory: Respiratory depression. Skin: Urticaria, rash, pruritus.

INTERACTIONS

Drug: Alcohol and other CNS DEPRESSANTS compound sedation and CNS depression. Herbal: St. John’s wort increases sedation.

PHARMACOKINETICS

Onset: 10–20 min. Duration: 3–6 h. Distribution: Crosses placenta; distributed into breast milk. Metabolism: In liver. Elimination: In urine. Half-Life: 3.8 h.

NURSING IMPLICATIONS

Black Box Warning

Hydrocodone has been associated with high potential for abuse and addiction, life-threatening respiratory depression, and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. The risk of potentially fatal overdose increases with coinjestion of alcohol.

Assessment & Drug Effects

• Monitor for effectiveness of drug for pain relief.
• Monitor for nausea and vomiting, especially in ambulatory patients.
• Monitor respiratory status and bowel elimination.

Patient & Family Education

• Avoid hazardous activities until response to drug is determined.
• Do not use alcohol or other CNS depressants; may cause additive CNS depression.
• Drink plenty of liquids for adequate hydration.
• Do not take larger doses than prescribed since abuse potential is high.

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Ditulis oleh Unknown pada tanggal Sunday, October 11, 2015