Classifications: SEDATIVEHYPNOTIC; BENZODIAZEPINE
Therapeutic: SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC
Controlled Substance: Schedule IV
ACTION & THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
Blockade of cortical and limbic arousal results
in hypnotic activity. Decreases sleep latency and number of nocturnal awakenings, decreases total nocturnal wake time, and increases duration of sleep.
Short-term management of insomnia characterized
by difficulty in falling asleep, frequent wakeful periods. Following long-term use,
tolerance or adaptation may develop.
Hypersensitivity to triazolam and
benzodiazepines; ethanol intoxication; suicidal ideations; pregnancy (category X),
lactation.
Depression; bipolar disorder; dementia;
psychosis; myasthenia gravis; Parkinson’s disease; debilitated patients; patients
with suicidal tendency; impaired kidney or liver function; chronic pulmonary
insufficiency; sleep apnea; older adults.
Adult: PO 0.125–0.25 mg at bedtime (max: 0.5 mg/day)
Geriatric: PO 0.0625–0.125 mg at bedtime
- Give immediately before bed; onset of drug
action is rapid.
- Do not exceed recommended doses.
- Store at 15°–30° C (59°–86° F).
ADVERSE EFFECTS (≥1%) CNS:
Drowsiness, lightheadedness, headache, dizziness, ataxia,
visual disturbances, confusional states, memory impairment, “rebound insomnia,”
anterograde amnesia,
paradoxical reactions, minor changes in EEG
patterns. GI: Nausea, vomiting, constipation.
Drug: Alcohol, CNS DEPRESSANTS, ANTICONVULSANTS, nefazodone,
BENZODIAZEPINES potentiate CNS depression; cimetidine increases triazolam plasma levels, thus increasing its toxicity; may
decrease antiparkinsonism effects of levodopa. Herbal:
Kava, valerian may potentiate sedation. St. John’s wort may decrease efficacy. Food: Grapefruit
juice (greater than 1 qt/ day)
may increase plasma concentrations and adverse effects.
Absorption: Readily from GI tract. Onset: 15–30 min. Peak:
1–2 h. Duration: 6–8 h. Distribution:
Crosses placenta; distributed into breast milk. Elimination: In urine. Half-Life:
2–3 h.
Assessment & Drug Effects
- Be aware that signs of developing tolerance or
adaptation (with longterm use) include increased daytime anxiety, increased
wakefulness during last one third of the night.
- Evaluate smoking habit. As with other
benzodiazepines, smoking may decrease hypnotic effects.
- Monitor for symptoms of overdosage: Slurred
speech, somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, and coma.
- Monitor lab tests: Periodic blood counts,
urinalysis, and blood chemistries during long-term use.
Patient & Family Education
- Do not drive or engage in potentially hazardous
activities until response to drug is known.
- Avoid use of alcohol or other CNS depressants
while on this drug; they may increase sedative effects.
- Do not stop taking drug suddenly, especially if
you are subject to seizures. Withdrawal symptoms may occur and range from mild dysphoria
to more serious symptoms (e.g., tremors, abdominal and muscle cramps,
convulsions). Consult prescriber for schedule to discontinue therapy.
- Do not increase dose without prescriber’s advice
because of toxic potential of drug.
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