ZANAMIVIR
(zan′a-mi-vir) Relenza
Classification: ANTIVIRAL
Therapeutic: ANTIINFLUENZA
Pregnancy Category: C
AVAILABILITY
Blister for inhalation
ACTION & THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
Inhibitor of influenza A and B viral
enzyme; does not permit the release
of newly formed viruses from the
surface of the infected cells. Prevents
viral spread across the mucus lining
of the respiratory tract, and inhibits
the replication of influenza A and B
virus. Relieves flu-like symptoms.
USES
Uncomplicated acute influenza
in patients symptomatic less
than 2 days; prophylaxis for influenza.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Hypersensitivity
to zanamivir or milk protein;
severe renal impairment, renal
failure; COPD; severe asthma.
CAUTIOUS USE
Renal impairment;
cardiac disease; severe metabolic
disease; older adults; pregnancy
(category C), lactation.
Acute
influenza: Safety and efficacy in
children younger than 7 y are unknown.
Influenza prophylaxis:
Safe use in children younger than
5 y is unknown.
ROUTE & DOSAGE
Influenza Treatment
Adult/Child (7 y or older):
Inhaled 2 inhalations (one 5 mg
blister/inhalation) b.i.d. × 5 days
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| NURSING IMPLICATIONS ZANAMIVIR Relenza |
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Influenza Prophylaxis
Adult/Child (5 y or older):
Inhaled 2 inhalations daily for
10 days (household prophylaxis) or
for 28 days (community outbreak)
ADMINISTRATION
Inhalation
- Most effective if initiated within
48 h of onset of flu-like symptoms.
- Give any scheduled inhaled bronchodilator
before zanamivir.
- Store at 25° C (77° F).
ADVERSE EFFECTS (≥1%)
Body as
a Whole: Headache, abnormal behavior.
CNS: Dizziness.
GI: Nausea,
diarrhea, vomiting.
Respiratory:
Nasal symptoms, bronchitis, cough,
sinusitis; ear, nose, throat infection.
INTERACTIONS
Drug: Do not use
with LIVE VACCINES.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Absorption:
4–17% of inhaled dose is systemically
absorbed.
Peak: 1–2 h.
Distribution: Less than 10% protein
bound.
Metabolism: Not metabolized.
Elimination: In urine.
Half-
Life: 2.5–5.1 h.
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
Patient & Family Education
- Start within 48 h of onset of flulike
symptoms for most effective
response.
- Use any scheduled inhaled bronchodilator
first; then use zanamivir.
Zanamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor used in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza caused by influenza A virus and influenza B virus. Zanamivir
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